Client Server Architecture

In Computer science client-server is a software architecture model consisting of two parts, client systems and server systems, both communicate over computer network or on the same computer. A client-server application is a distributed system consisting of both client and server software. The clientà ¨les always initiates a connection to the server, while the server process always waits for requests from any client. When both the client process and server process are running on the same computer, this is called a single seat setup.Another type of related software architecture is known as peer-to-peer, because each host or application instance can simultaneously act as both a client and a server (unlike centralized servers of the client-server model) and because each has equivalent responsibilities and status. Peer-to-peer architectures are often abbreviated using the acronym POP. The client-server relationship describes the relation between the client and how it makes a service req uest from the server, and how the server can accept these requests, process them, and return the requested information to the linen.The interaction between client and server is often described consequence diagrams. Sequence diagrams are standardized in the Unified Modeling Language. Both client-server and POP architectures are in wide usage today. The basic type of client-server architecture employs only two types of hosts: clients and servers. This type of architecture is sometimes referred to stow-tier. The two-tier architecture meaner that the client acts as one tier and server process acts as the other tier. The client-server architecture has become one of the basic models of network imputing.Many types of applications have being written using the client- server model. Standard networked functions such as E-mail exchange, web access and database access, are based on the client-server model. For example, a web browser is a client program at the user computer that may access infor mation at any web server in the world. Contents [hide] * 1 Clients characteristics * 2 Server characteristics * 3 Advantages * 4 Disadvantages * 5 Examples * 6 Other pages Clients characteristics[change] * Always initiates requests to servers. Waits for replies. * Receives replies. * Usually connects too small number of servers at one time. Usually interacts directly with end-users using any user interface such as graphical user interface. Server characteristics[change] * Always wait for a request from one of the clients. * Serve clients requests then replies with requested data to the clients. * A server may communicate with other servers in order to serve a client request. Advantages[change] * In most cases, a client-server architecture enables the roles and responsibilities f a computing system to be distributed among several independent computers that are known to each other only through a network, so one of advantages of this model is greater ease of maintenance.For example, it is possible to replace, repair, upgrade, or even relocate a server while its clients remain both unaware and unaffected by that change. This independence from change is also referred to as encapsulation. * All the data is stored on the servers, which generally have better security controls than most clients. Servers can better control access and resources, to guarantee that only those clients with the appropriate permissions may access and change data. Since data storage is centralized, updates to that data are much easier to administrators than what would be possible under a POP architecture. Under a POP architecture, data updates may need to be distributed and applied to each â€Å"peer† in the network, which is both time-consuming and error-prone, as there can be thousands or even millions of peers. * Many advanced client- server technologies are already available which were designed to ensure security, user friendly interfaces, and ease of use. Client Server Architecture The term originally referred to the large cabinets that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers but as of today those cabinets are no longer cabinets but then powerful I high-end commercial machines which also are used in client server networking as servers and this has overshadowed most of the disadvantages of the old traditional mainframes that led to the many problems as like those faced by Hares company.The disadvantages of the way Mainframes were used in the Good old days is that there was no flexibility as mix and matching was not accommodated but they only revered so-called dumb terminals on the users' desktops meaning you had to be wired to the mainframe to access data, also software platforms were specific and maintenance and system management were costly as every component of the system needed to be maintained. Like any other company would have done to keep up with keep up with growing business demands, Hares implemented its first information s ystem in 1987 purchasing a mainframe computer.But then because of the revolution from the Good Old Days as explained above to the client [server they probably faces all the disadvantages pertaining to flexibility, maintenance and yester management, and it was difficult for them to connect with the outside world and so they had to also change their system to Client/Server . With Client Server advantages of flexibility gives a greater solution space than that which single computer models can achieve. Another advantage is the Openness as number of different platforms can be used in a network; all that is needed is some common protocol for them to communicate.Openness also lives the freedom of choice the implementation at any of the ends It is also reliable and this can be accomplished by production of the same programs and data around a network; this meaner that when en server breaks down another takes over. Servers also can be created specifically for a certain service. Client/server computing is also Scalable as more servers can be added to a network depending on the increase of application demand in though the increase in power is not linear I. E number of servers. And this is what Hares Company is faces in the present proving that also there present problems are not unique as well.The solution to this problem on the other hand is to increase hardware capabilities of the server and desktops. Another problem Hares faces is u to the configuring applications into client-server modules and in modifying the configuration in response to user feedback and this problem is Common in organizations using traditional (2-tier) client server in their business. 2. Suggest alternative architectures that could be used to overcome the problems faced by Hares' current Client/Server technology An alternative Architecture that can over comer problems faced by current Client/ Server is the Three- tier model and N-tier model architectures.Three-tier architecture meets the requiremen ts of large scale Internet and intranet client/server applications. It is more scalable, robust and flexible and can integrate data from multiple sources. This can solve the problem the company is facing of difficulty in configuring applications into client-server modules and in modifying the configuration in response to user feedback as the scalability is wider and the multiple sources of were data can be integrated make it easily possible for user feedback. Three-tier model is also easier to manage and deploy on the network as most of the code runs on the servers.Network interchange between applications is also minimized as abstract levels of service are created were instead of interacting erectly with the client calls business logic on the server. It is the business logic that accesses the database on behalf of the client. Three- tier as compared to tier 2 being used by Hares is less complex but can be centrally managed on the sever as application programs are made visible to sta ndard system management. Security is also high, performance is Better and application reuse is excellent. N tier client server architecture is wider than the 3 tier though the 3 tier can also be considered as an N tier.The N tier has no limits and is able to the growing in number of applications that have spilled over in to the world and is able to meet the challenge of the requirement poised buy these Intergalactic applications. This is because N tier clients frequently combine Middleware tier components within a single business transaction and a component can call other components to help in request and this could be very useful in Hares looking at the problem of user feedback they have as the requesting system will be much better than the one in place. 3. NNE of the suggestions proposed by Hares' IS department is the use of intranet web technology.Examine the pros and cons of such an idea. Intranet is an internal organizational network that uses Internet Protocol technology to sh are information, computing services and operational systems. This can be a company's internal network or a broader part of the organization's technology structure, and can be composed of multiple local area networks. The idea behind this is to organize different user's desktops in the organization at a low cost, also saving time and effort to be more productive, There are so many things that are good about having a functional intranet and that's why the IS department proposed the use of it.Pros of Intranet Single information source-Because data and information are kept in one place in an organized way it reduces on confusion of where information has begin kept and it can be easily accessed when needed as people will always know where to look thus saving on time. Common corporate culture is promoted: The ability for every user to view the same information within the Intranet makes it easy for an organization not to have different information which on the same things.Updates are Immed iate: live coverage of changes to your audience is made possible by Intranets and keeping them up to date thus limiting the company's liability. Time: information to employees is distributed on an as-needed basis. Employees can also access information at their convenience, rather than receiving electronic mail that may distract them indiscriminately. Business management and operations: The Intranet platform is begin used for developing and deploying applications that support business operations and decisions across the world wide web.Cost-effective: Saving on the hustle to maintaining physical documents, users can still view information and data via web-browser and this can save the business money used on printing/ duplicating comments and also maintenance of produced documents. CONS of Intranet Security: It's easy for individuals to have unauthorized access in to the intranet network and they may abuses materials. Software/Hardware incompatibility problems: because of the evolving technology upgrades are needed to keep up with the worlds demands otherwise a lot of problems in functioning of the intranet are faced.Availability of access to all employees: Some of the desks of employees may not have desktops and so it would make it difficult for them to access the intranet at their convenience. Information overload: As time moves on and information is posted n the intranet the presentation and design that helps users to filter out what they don't need, and get only the information that they really want becomes difficult and this begins to consume time thus undermining the advantage of intranet in time. Moderation: In case objectionable content is posted on to the intranet network someone has to clean up the mess.And this is very possible because all users have access and security is not strong so it is prone to cyber crime and so content that is objectionable can easily be posted. 4. Do you think the popularity of intranet software and the Internet pose threats to rotational Client/Server systems? Intranet software is the software that runs on servers and provides service facilities such us HTTP publishing like world which is the worldwide web, searching and indexing and FTP file retrieval facilities.Web browsers are the software used by clients to access pages on the web and because the protocols used by the intranet are the same as those by the web in makes it standard for users to use any web browser that is tested and these can be acquired free of charge or paid for at small cost. The internet is like a gold mine of anything one can need in connection with intranet footwear as one can get everything they need to the proper functionality of intranet networks.And the modern intranet has been able to come out of one building and via the internet basically do the exact thing client/server architecture is all about. In other words intranet software and the internet are a modern client server type of system. Intranet software and the interne t are able to create true intranet applications by employing existing client/server applications and also it is able to integrate applications in the Web browser that normally don't work and play well together.The Intranet then makes it possible for information to become available on the Internet from the same application environment and interface. Because of flexibility of Intranet software to operate on the internet many companies have flown that direction to save cost rather than implementing the traditional client server architecture. It is difficult and costly to spread the traditional client over geographical areas and because the internet makes this easy eliminating the hardware and is more effective the popularity of intranet software has increased and continues to be ore of preference to big organizations today.

“Life of Pi” by Yann Martel Essay

All humans are born with instincts; it is during the most desperate times in life when these instincts take control of an individual. In the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel, the protagonist, Pi, goes through a situation that evoked his instincts to take control of himself. Pi spent 227 days as a castaway on a boat drifting in the Pacific Ocean. During this time he dealt with intense hunger and thirst and was very desperate. In the second story that Pi tells, each of the animals from the first story are symbolic of humans. Pi is related to Richard Parker, as many of their actions are similar between the two stories. In light of Pi’s second story the similarities suggests that Pi uses Richard Parker to represent his instinctive mind and serve as an escape from the horrific level of savagery he sank to on the lifeboat. Pi, however, did begin to accept his situation and realize that his instinctive mind would play a major role in his survival no matter how opposed to killing and e ating his rational mind was. The savage-like behavior of Pi is brought on by intensely desperate situation, hunger, thirst, and Pi’s instinctive mind represented by the Bengal tiger, Richard Parker. When an individual acts on instincts, their actions become spontaneous and that person’s beliefs and values are not part of the decision. Richard Parker represents the instinctive part of Pi’s mind; this becomes clear after analysis of Richard Parker’s actions and emergence in the plot. Richard Parker only emerges after the orangutan or Pi’s mother is killed and Pi is in his most desperate state. This shows that Pi began acting on his instincts at this point where he felt very lonely and vulnerable while his life was in danger. Pi’s instincts provided him with food in the form of fish, turtles, and sharks, as well as the hyena or the cook. Pi states, â€Å"It is the plain truth: without Richard Parker, I wouldn’t be alive today to tell you my story.† (Martel 164) Pi has his animal instincts to thank for his survival and shows that he knows this by thanking Richard Parker, the representation of his instincts. Pi’s rational mind was not fit to survive all that time on the lifeboat; he is a vegetarian and a very religious person and would not have had any food on the lifeboat if not for his animal instincts. His rational self would not have killed the cook or the turtles and fish and he would have starved because there was no access to vegetables  and fruits in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. On page 164, Pi talks of his instincts in the form of Richard Parker as he states, â€Å"He pushed me to go on living. I hated him for it yet at the same time I was grateful.† He says that he hated his instincts for keeping him alive because they caused him to do things that were against his beliefs and values but at the same time he was grateful for his life. Pi has only his animal instincts to thank for his survival in a lifeboat for 227 days. After many desperate days on the lifeboat, Pi’s instinctive mind begins to blend with his rational mind. On page 197, after he kills and eats a turtle without blaming it on his instincts represented by Richard Parker, he realizes that he has â€Å"descended to a level of savagery [he] never imagined possible.† His instincts have blended with his sensible mind and he is no longer the strict vegetarian that he was before he was put in this situation. During his time on the lifeboat, Pi came a long way from the strict vegetarian that he once was. Pi speaks of his former self as he says, â€Å"To think that when I was a child I always shuddered when I snapped open a banana because it sounded to me like the snapping of an animal’s neck.† (197) The experience on the boat drastically changed him as his instincts no longer had to control him to kill and to eat. After continually killing to eat, he gets used to the idea and no longer needs his instincts to take over for him to eat. His vegetarian principles are irrelevant with the extremity of the situation as he could not have lived by his beliefs and values if he wanted to survive. His rational mind stepped away from its belief and values and began to accept a kill or starve mentality. Pi’s lengthy and desperate situation caused his rational mind to accept that he had to live off animal instincts if he did not want to starve. Guilt is a very powerful feeling and it can cause people to do crazy things in order to hide and escape from these feelings. In terms of the second story Pi acted on many of his animal instincts and killed and ate animals as well as humans. Pi used Richard Parker not only as his escape from his guilt but also to escape the reality of the situation he was in. The guilt that Pi felt from being a vegetarian and doing what he did coupled with the emotional pain and torment of his situation caused Pi to force himself to  believe that everyone on the lifeboat were animals. Because the events that occurred on the lifeboat were similar to those that would occur between wild animals where it is a kill or die situation it was easy for Pi to substitute animals for all of the people on the lifeboat. He continuously turned to God for help in dealing with the guilt that he felt. After telling how he killed the cook in the second story, he said â€Å"I must live with that. Solitude began. I turned to God. I survived.† Pi was very religious before he was stranded on the lifeboat and he used his faith to help him through the situation. Pi’s feelings of guilt caused him to do whatever it took to escape from the guilt and from reality. The idea of Richard Parker, therefore, stemmed from Pi’s desperate survival in a lifeboat. Richard Parker was the reason that Pi survived and also served as a savior from the guilt and emotional pain that he felt. Pi’s instincts were represented by the idea of the Bengal tiger, Richard Parker, and he survived because of these instincts. It was only natural for these animal instincts to take control of him as he was dealing with intense hunger and thirst. During his time on lifeboat, even his rational self accepted that he would have to kill to eat, a big change for the strict vegetarian that he once was. He also had to deal with severe guilt for his actions as well as tremendous emotional pain. Richard Parker served as a way for him to escape this guilt and to escape reality. Desperation and loss combined with intense hunger and thirst are some of the many things that could cause an individual to lose control of their rational mind and live on instincts. Work Cited Martel, Yann. Life of Pi. Orlando: Harcourt Books, 2001.

Week 3 posts 8000 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 posts 8000 - Assignment Example In the interdisciplinary section, there should be collaboration with the information technology department. This aids in better communication gaining more knowledge and improved healthcare. With the integrative practitioner, the opportunity provides them with skills in healthcare economics, financial management, and budget management (Zaccagnini & White, 2012). Thanks for your substantive post on this week’s discussion; it is true that a DNP nurse is among the highest levels in the nursing profession (AANC, 2006). It provides students an obligation, to develop leadership qualities, impact healthcare, quality improvement, and better patient outcome. This is done through intra and interdisciplinary collaboration In your post, you explained that the collaboration promotes strengthening networks, reduction of costs and better nursing practice. It also provides an opportunity to work with scientists, medical doctors, and public officials. The examples you have continued and provided are very elaborate and comprehensive. In DNP, you showed interdisciplinary collaboration by involving information technology. On the part of PHN, there is a collaboration with public officials, physicians, teachers, and other paraprofessionals. AACN. (2006, October). Essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. Retrieved from American Association of Colleges of Nursing:

Spike Lee's Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spike Lee's Malcolm X - Essay Example Moreover, his life related events that comprise different aspects from his event filled life was going to get captivated within the framework of the reel life at a magnitude not witnessed by the audiences of Lee ever before. Within the insightful book Spike Lee: Interviews edited by Cynthia Fuchs in an article entitled â€Å"Our Film is Only a Starting Point: An Interview with Spike Lee† by Gary Crowdus and Dan Georgakas, Lee explained his theme behind making a film on the life of Malcolm X, â€Å"Lee explains his primary desire to introduce Malcolm X to young viewers and his awareness that the time limits of even a nearly three and a half hour movie prevented him from producing anything more than a ‘primer’ on one of the America’s most charismatic black leaders † (Fuchs 65). With the level of severe intensity and depth, Lee made a film on the life of a man whose real life events provided the director with enough prudent aspects to frame a complete m otion picture. Thesis Statement The essay intends to depict an introspection based analysis of the film Malcolm X in order to comprehend the inherent themes and the socio-political and religious messages that were meant to be provided by this bio-picture. Malcolm X: Introspection Malcolm X was a movie which included a number of famous personalities such as actors Denzel Washington as Malcolm X and Angela Bassett, Al Freeman, Jr., Albert Hall, and Delroy Lindo. Lee also appears on screen and plays a very small role in supporting as Shorty who is observed to be a real-life associate of Malcolm X. Shorty Jarvis is actually a criminal who has spent time working with Malcolm and is at the same time a jazz trumpeter. It is noteworthy to mention that characters important in the real life of Malcolm X such as Bobby Seale who was the co-establisher of the Black Panther Party, Al Sharpton the Reverent and the future president of South Africa Nelson Mandela, have virtual presence within the pl ot of the film. However, they do not make any cameo appearances. There are vivid hues, sounds and fury which represent the life of the great leader. It was quite hard on the part of the directorial crew to transcript all those events inherent in the real life of Malcolm X to get depicted in the reel phenomena in the course of making the film. The screenplay of Malcolm X, which was a collaborative effort on the part of Spike Lee and Arnold Perl, was drawn mostly from the life events of Malcolm X. These events were mentioned in the book written by Alex Haley and entitled The Autobiography of Malcolm X. The reason behind taking most of the references from this book is that Haley had begun to write this book during 1963. He eventually completed the book following the death of Malcolm X. However, while initiating the project he directly collaborated with Malcolm X himself to write the course of events and facts which constituted the life of the great leader. Furthemore, the book is compr ehensive and very cohesive in nature apart from being one of the most authentic ones because it ponders on the complete course of events which constitute Malcolm X’s life. The film possesses definite contents which are quite significant in terms of both cultural and historical aspects. At the same time, Malcolm X by Spike Lee is not a narrative on reels as it definitely has a strong aesthetic

Answer the 2 questions from document provided. About 17 and 18 century Essay

Answer the 2 questions from document provided. About 17 and 18 century english literature - Essay Example The earlier audiences were very specialized. Who, really, would care about referring to a cup from the Thespian well Either family or close friends of Sir George Sidney or people who knew what "Thespian" meant. Likewise, in Virtue, the ordinary person can understand what the poet meant by the whole world turning to coal. A hundred years later more of the potential audience "got it." The reason that Gulliver's travels was so popular was that more people saw it as satire and not a clumsy fairy tale. The author refers to Care and Vigilance, somehow used in order to protect one's belongings from thieves. This would probably mean something to an audience in 1726 than it might have meant a century earlier. Jane Austin also developed women readers who may never have heard of Ben Jonson. The thematic change between these two centuries can also quite simplistically, be related to the boutique and department store analogies. While the early poets and writers had a limited audience (with boutique audiences looking for something fine and special) the next century produced more of a mass-product that appealed to a larger audience. John Donne's "Mistress Going to Bed" is, to use a rather unflattering word, "precious." In the middle of the Seventeenth century, thematic change can be seen in Milton, who on the other hand, creates a wide and fundamentally moral canvas with a nation that survived the rift between the new Angli

Plato and the Platonic dialogues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plato and the Platonic dialogues - Essay Example In this effort Socrates bravely presents arguments relating to the need to life the examined life, as without living a life of purpose and meaning he believes there is no purpose in existence. Conversely, philosopher Robert Nozick in his book the Examined Life revisits this question of living a life of examination, yet considers it from a slightly different perspective than the one Plato advances through Socrates. This essay considers Plato’s characterization of the examined life through his dialogues Euthyphro and the Apology, examines Nozick’s conceptualization in the Examined Life, and contrasts the two philosophers views on the subject. One of the most seminal of Plato’s dialogues, the Apology constitutes Socrates’ argument to the Athenian court for his innocence. In considering this line of reasoning it’s important to consider the broader implications of Socrates argument. It seems that Socrates is indicating that in Meletus and the Athenian co unsel harming Socrates they are doing so in a sort of bad faith. Socrates believes that in being a better person than Meletus he has chosen to live his life virtuously. In living his life virtuously Socrates has contributed to society and lived his life in productive ways. He has also worked towards achieving his own sense of purpose and meaning; in Socrates’ instance, it seems that he believes this to be living honestly and spreading his wisdom and intellect to the Athenian youth. If Meletus were to have Socrates killed, which he is attempting.

Employee Empowerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Employee Empowerment - Essay Example (Kotelnikov, 2008) In relation to the importance of employee empowerment within a flat organization, several strategic ways that will effectively prepare employees to become empowered and self-efficient as an individual employee and in group decision-making process will be thoroughly discussed. Employee empowerment is about enabling employees to make important decision-making without having the need to go through several management layers for approval. For employees to be able to make quick and effective decisions, employered employees are expected to have the following characteritstics: (1) innovativeness; (2) creativeness; and (3) resourcefulness (Chaturvedi, 2008). knowledge and skills development which can be acquired by making each employee undergo proper training programs, it is important for managers and organizational leaders to be able to develop and implement an effective organizational learning culture. Organizational learning is actually referring to the ability of employees to acknowledge the importance of learning and eventually develop a continuously learning habit to enable them to transform into a more competitive individual. (Columbia University, 2008) As a result of having an effective organizational learning culture, competitive and empowered employees are expected to be able to continuously learn new skills and be able to easily adopt with the changing market environments. The transformation of organization practice from a traditional high bureaucratic organizational structure into a flat organizational structure can result to a lot of organizational conflict because of the possibility that some of the existing employees may have resistance to major organizational change. For this reason, managers should have a good leadership and communication skills to enable the leaders to easily control and convert internal organizational pressures into positive employee behavior and acceptance to

Design Human interfaces for Operating Systems Research Paper

Design Human interfaces for Operating Systems - Research Paper Example Since then super computers have been transformed several times, first to desktop computers, then laptops and now cutting edge tabs and pads, thus becoming widely used and an inevitable part of the human life. However, the science behind computers is quite enthralling and it makes a person wonder how exactly a machine is able to perform such complex tasks within mere seconds. First of all it is quite clear that computers do not understand human language, or High Level Language (HLL), and at the same time, humans do not understand machine language, which is basically in binary codes. Thus, it becomes clear that between the computer and the person or user, there needs to be a translator that can translate the languages in order for both parties to understand the other. In case of computer, this is done by the program translators, which consists of assembler, compiler and interpreter. Thus, it becomes clear that by converting high level language and program language into machine language, the computers can understand what the user tries to communicate, and similarly, by converting machine language into program language or high level language, the user can make sense of what the computer is c ommunicating. However, there still needs to be a platform where these communications can take place. This is where the operating systems of computers come into play, as it is them that provide a basic platform for the user to interact with the computer system through interface or human interface. Therefore, it becomes clear that the design of operating systems and human interfaces need to be done in a way that it enable maximum utilization to the user. An operating system is a software program, which facilitates the management of â€Å"hardware and software resources of a computer† and performs tasks including â€Å"controlling and allocating memory,

Land Economics and Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Land Economics and Planning - Essay Example The paper suggests and recommends some proposals to be followed in this scenario.More and more people from the rural areas are beginning to turn up in the urban areas for the better employment opportunity. This is the â€Å"pull† factor, which attracted people from the villages to come to towns and cities. Subsequently, there were also â€Å"push† factors in the form of change in land reforms and the development of capital-intensive techniques of agriculture. This has created an explosion of urban population in the recent years. As the population increased, the need for appropriate infrastructure to support these people became a necessity. It is a known fact that cities have traditionally enjoyed more economic advantages because the facilities for industrialization like transportation, communication etc. is available here. (Balchin, Isaac & Chen,2000, 2000; pp 1-6). The retail park to be set up will house various retail stores and supermarkets under one roof. This will lead to more employment opportunities for the people in the town. Various retail stores will open up in the area providing for more investment from the companies in the development of the town. As it will be set up in the heart of the town, that would mean the availability of communication from all parts of the town. Subsidiary industries will be opened up to support the new activity in the town. In short, the whole economy will get a facelift using land as a resource. On the contrary, the town center is one of the areas, which lies in the pivotal position of the town. It lends to the beautification of the area with greenery and parks. To set up a retail park would mean the destruction of these places, which are treasured by the citizens. The town will be devoid of the greenery. The construction of a retail park would also mean the setting up of various subsidiary industries, which would increase the pollution.  

Macroeconomics Economics Commentary - patterns in Americas unemployment statistics Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Economics Commentary patterns in Americas unemployment statistics Essay Unemployment is defined as â€Å"individuals who are actively seeking for a job but cannot find one.† The rate of unemployment however is the number of employed individuals expressed as a proportion of the labour force. During the recent 2010 recession, the United States (US) faced an incredibly large unemployment rate. Despite the fact that America has mostly recovered from the recession, some sectors of the American economy have not yet left the ‘recessionary zone.’ In this article, the dilemma of American teenagers and blacks discrimination is discussed. The statistics given from the article demonstrate a decrease in the rate of unemployment within the American economy. This is illustrated in the graph below as we can see the aggregate supply of labour closing the gap between itself (in blue) and the aggregate demand in order to achieve market equilibrium. Statistically, this improvement can be seen by the drop in unemployment figures from 9.4% in December 2009 to 9.4% one year later in December 2010. Analysing the situation, numerous factors could have resulted in this dip. Primarily, gender discrepancy should be taken into respect. Females dominated industries have increased in size such as education and healthcare industries. Supporting my analysis, the rate of unemployment for women minimally fell by 0.1% unlike their male counterparts whom suffered greater losses. Males as a result saw a greater decrease in their unemployment percentages, falling by 0.8% in comparison to the female’s 0.1% probably due to discriminating reasons, academic motives or other social aspects. Another yet the most principle core dispute raised in the article is the fact that blacks and teenagers are being discriminated suffering from the highest rates of unemployment. Teens topped a high unemployment percentage of 25.4% whilst blacks a little lower tallied at 15.8%. Logically this makes sense for teenagers (assuming they are in the job searching range of 16 to 19 years old), in this age group most teenagers have had little professional experience as emphasis is placed on completing their high school diploma, meaning that the labour force is fundamentally less productive as these teenagers would have no or relatively no real previous real work experience in comparison to an elder person making them less appealing to employers. A growing number of teenagers choose to work as servers/waiters as a consequence of preference and taste for the job yet more importantly, due to their lack in qualifications to work in offices and large firms. As laws enforcing compulsory education up to a certain age become stricter and a higher number of adolescent individuals choosing to complete their studies exists, these individuals are not counted in the ‘pool of unemployment’ as they do not wish to have a job at that moment in time. By estimating, blacks who seem to comprise largely of adults seem however to be facing discriminatory reasons resulting in their rather high unemployment rate. America could modify a few of its structural policies in order to circumvent such dramatic results if a recession were to occur again. Firstly, better and wider training programmes in all academic fields should be offered to students at schools. If the education became more flexible, offering courses in a wider range of subjects, the creation of a possibly more productive workforce is probable and more importantly, having acquired many skills and talents, these teenagers would be capable of finding new jobs in case of a structural change in the economy that demands different skills. Another policy could be to fundamentally ensure that every teenager is granted some type of access to good education/training programme. Lastly, as teenagers in school are not recorded as part of the unemployment rate, the rate of unemployment could be reduced if the government were to provide some type of incentive for teenagers to go back to/attend school. Not only would this reduce unemployment figures in the short run, it would mean that these same teenagers will be capable to offer society much more as they would have gained professional qualifications According to Alicia Robb,Asians are the most educated, so when you have the largest pool of workers, employers are going to pick the most qualified Robb’s statement explains the situation of the Asian race, having suffered the lowest increase in unemployment yet highest fall un unemployment figures from 8.4% in December 2009 to 7.2% a year later. Recently, a voluminous amount of Asians have flocked to the United States. Not only do they usually obtain higher qualified or greater work experience but Asian labour has been branded to be relatively cheap lowering a firm’s total costs, increasing profits. The later generation of these Asians (20 – 30 years old) are thus already qualified enough due to the development in America after 1980s and most of them are employed in good companies and are very well paid now. The young generation of Asians, which are contributed to the teenagers are now concentrating on education in America and most of them would go back to their countries after graduating.

Problems Facing Enterprise Rent-A-Car

Problems Facing Enterprise Rent-A-Car ERAC overview and requirement Company background: Enterprise Rent-a-car or Enterprise Car Club is a car renting company that establish throughout 19 cities of UK. The companys primary customers are people that cant afford a car but need to travel or current dont need one or families that sometimes require a second car (Enterprise Rent-a-car, 2016). The company has a fleet of more than 960 vehicles in UK only which parking at designated bay across the cities. The main benefit which customers receive is that they dont have to worry about the cost of ownership of a car. All they have to pay for is a subscription fee when joining the club and small fee per ride. Requirement: The company is wishing to expand their operation to a new city of Vietnam; that being said, there are some requirements which must be satisfied. First is about customers, the company require all drivers to have a validated driving license of 1 year or more. Individual customers that travel less than 4000 km a year is best benefited from the service. Because the renting procedures are done through smartphones app, so people with familiarity with smart devices are preferred. Second is about citys prospects, ERAC is a company that let people rent and drive cars to travel around so the city of their inhabiting must be a large city with infrastructure supporting car transportation because Vietnamese have not get used to car transportation, they are familiar with motorbike more than cars. Also, there must be spaces for parking bays of the fleet of vehicles and they must be accessed with ease. City pick and marketing plan: City pick: In Vietnam, according to the General Statistics Office, there are only 2 cities that have more than 7 million people which are Ha Noi (7.2 million) and Ho Chi Minh City (8.14 million) and are classified as special grade urban area with developing economics. Only these two cities can satisfied the large cities demand of ERAC, the rests are not enough. But only one city pick up is allowed, so more details are needed. The two cities are both qualified as special grade cities designated by the government but the economics and other factors are different. This part of the essay will attempt to differentiate the two cities and will deliver the choice of city according to elements that are most suitable for car renting industry which ERAC is operating in. To begin with, the growth speed in 2016 using GRDP of Ho Chi Minh city is 476.988 billion VND and Ha Noi is 140.005 billion VND according the GSO. That is, Ho Chi Minh Citys economics is growing much faster than the capital in 2016 which leads to a higher living standard of the population in Ho Chi Minh City. Next is about urban infrastructure which support inner city transportation, in Ho Chi Minh City, according to an official report, the officials has focused the investment into infrastructure development; particularly, 3.849,1 billion VND of ODA has been allocated for building, upgrading citys roads, bridges and transportation system. Ha Noi, however, does not share the same view as Ho Chi Minh City. The officials of Ha Noi deployed the national investment mainly for citys parks, entertainment centers and public accommodations. Again, Ho Chi Minh City is being developed better in term of infrastructure. Another matter relating to car consumption rate of each city, this means that the number of cars being registered and put into use in terms of day. Amazingly, Ho Chi Minh City in 2016, average daily newly registered 4 wheels vehicle is 250 per day according to Ho Chi Minh Citys Traffic Safety Committee. Ha Noi, similarly, has 230 four wheels vehicles being registered every day which show that the consumption rate of both of the cities is very high. About the number of tourists in and out of the city, both cities witnessed a good year in tourism industry. In 2016, Ho Chi Minh City welcomed more than 5.2 million foreign travelers to the city. Unlike Ha Noi, there was only 2.04 million foreign travelers visited the city in 2016. The reason why this paper favors foreign travelers is because international tourists have a higher chance of renting a car instead of a bike because they are already familiar to cars. Last but not least, competitors that can pose a threat to ERAC in both of the city are not many. In both cities, some big and nation-wide companies like Phi Loan Transportation, Kims Self-driving car for hire, Thanh Buoi transportation, Uber or Grab can be major competitors but their business model is not like what ERAC is using and they cannot be ERACs competitive rivalry. But the threats from substitution like motor bike, bus, taxi can be serious and there is a new type of public transportation in Ha Noi, the BRT bus, which is a rapid moving bus that operates in a priority lane. This makes Ha Noi an unsafe place for expansion of ERAC business. So, with all the advantages that Ho Chi Minh City can provide, Enterprise Rent-a-car should choose this city to be the next destination for expansion. Marketing plan: Advertising methods: Digital tactics PPC Pay Per Click advertisement  £3.000 Search engines such as Google or Yahoo Search play a vital role in modern internet surfing activity. Whatever we need to find on the Internet can almost be found by using search engine, that including finding a car renting company. Because the expansion is in Ho Chi Minh City only so the local residents search must be prioritized. Social media and social campaigns  £10.000 As suggested by ERAC, social media such as Facebook, Twitter is a good way to deliver the companys messages to young, modern customers. A funny, eye-catching, meaningful piece of advertisement can go viral on the internet through social media because people will keep sharing it to their friends. The only thing the company needs to ensure is that the piece of advertisement must be interesting. PR promotions  £5.000 To an existing customer, nothing better than a special offer, a discount or an exclusive service. That will fortify their belief in the firm that the company also care about the current customers as much as finding new customers. Even they will introduce the companys services to their friends or relatives just because of the special offer for current users. Youtube videos  £5.000 Videos on Youtube can have a very large cover area and just like social media, people tend to share what they like with the other. Especially with a video that hit the right target customers, they will remember the message delivered in that video and the company will have a better chance to persuade potential customers to become real users. The company also needs to consider about a short ads at the start of other video on Youtube. Total budget needed:  £23.000 Physical tactics Posters and billboards  £10.000 Posters are usually the avatar, the profile picture of the enterprise. They deliver a brief message of the companys core values and products/services. A good poster will act like the representative of the company because it contains much important information about the company that potential customers need to know. Moreover, when people keep seeing that poster over and over again for some time, it will be easier for the company to introduce about itself when the customers come to use the services. Bay signs  £1.000 Obviously, people need to know where they can get their ride and where the bay is. This is essential since it act like a guideline for customers and show that the company is presented throughout the city. Sometime these sign can share the same function with the poster. Vehicle livery  £2.000 Vehicle livery is an obvious and important means of advertisement because when customers driving the branded vehicles on the street, that car will work as a moving logo of the company. Of course, in the bay there must be some cars that arent branded for customers choices but it will cost more when they want a car like that. Total budget needed:  £13.000 Grand total:  £36.000 Big idea: According to a columnist of Marketing Land Peter Minnium, an effective big idea in advertising needs 3 elements: Piercing insights: Owning a car is a pleasant feeling of civic life and is one of the biggest purchases for most people. However, this is not an easy decision for some people since the cost of keeping a car isnt low. But the need of a car in modern civilization is undeniable; particularly for civic pride. Brand connection: Enterprise Rent-a-car club is the exact answer to please your demand of a car. With a small subscription fee and a small fee per ride, all you have to do is just take out your phone and click the button in our app to have a ride parking in bays across the city. All costs are on us but the ride is yours. Succinct expression: ERAC. The car in your very own pocket. With the remaining  £14.000, we can communicate this big idea through means of advertisement on television. Creating of a short movie, using real people who are experiencing the services, this will be a solid proof of the quality that ERAC can bring about. Conclusion: Although this kind of business model of ERAC is quite new to Vietnam, it will be a new experience for the people and maybe the company can use that to their advantage. There is a long way to make the business a success but with the big idea, people will understand and profit will come. References Minnium, P. 2015. Marketing Land. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://marketingland.com/whats-big-idea-3-fundamentals-successful-digital-creative-153747 Vccorpvn. 2016. Dantricomvn. [Online]. [5 January 2017]. Available from: http://dantri.com.vn/o-to-xe-may/tieu-thu-xe-o-to-tai-viet-nam-dat-muc-ky-luc-20160527143626186.htm Thanhnien news. 2017. Thanhnienvn. [Online]. [5 January 2017]. Available from: http://thanhnien.vn/doi-song/kho-nhu-ket-xe-o-tphcm-748106.html Xuan, V. 2016. Infonetvn. [Online]. [6 January 2017]. Available from: http://infonet.vn/moi-ngay-ha-noi-co-them-gan-1000-o-to-xe-may-moi-ra-duong-post188099.info Ha noi gso. 2016. Thongkehanoi. [Online]. [4 January 2017]. Available from: http://thongkehanoi.gov.vn/uploads/files/source/Năm 2016/Thang 6 nam 2016.pdf Titc. 2016. Tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ng cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c Du là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/22261 Vov. 2016. VOV Ä Ãƒâ‚¬I TIà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¾NG NÓI VIà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬  T NAM. [Online]. [6 January 2017]. Available from: http://vov.vn/du-lich/hon-11-trieu-luot-du-khach-den-ha-noi-trong-6-thang-dau-nam-528442.vov Hochiminhcity gso. 2016. ThongKeHochiminhcity. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/thongtinthanhpho/Lists/ThongTinKinhTeXaHoi/Attachments/429/BCTH_T6-FINAL-2016.pdf

Essay --

In Temptation, Havel puts a twist in which he explores illogical nature of devotion to oppressive systems. The work shows inner conflict as there are struggles with his beliefs, and his respect with his desires and wishes. Havel’s works take us out of our comfort zone of what is presumed â€Å"Temptation† would be! It helps us to question what really is evil that reeks on ones life? Havel’s Temptation set in a workplace a at science institution, where there mission was to solely combat â€Å"illogical tendencies† of the society. In which they focus was to study unnatural acquisition of the world scientifically. at the time the focus the study of in humanity through systematic or scientific work. During that specific time many people especially the younger generation were very interesting in the study of sadistic forms and the unknown’s world also called Black Art. The main focus of Havel’s work is Dr. Foustka and his couleges ,Having worked together in the institution for numerous amounts of time, the characters in the work are moderately familiar with one another. They have attended office ...

Healthcare: for all or citizens only? Essay -- Legal Issues, Immigrati

Everyday someone is sent to the hospital. Not only are they in fear of losing their life but also in fear of being in debt due to the prices of health care treatment they need. But what if this patient happens to be an illegal immigrant? Should doctors deny him/her because they lack citizenship? Or should illegal immigrants be treated just like any other patients by having a right to health care? Throughout the past decade restrictions on eligibility for taxpayer-subsidized medical care has risen at both the state and national level. Some of these restrictions are based on laws and reform acts that have been produced by legal organizations as well as political federations. On a federal level, the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 (PRWORA) prohibits hospital districts from offering free or discounted nonemergency medical care for noncitizens (Rao, 2003, p.1). Immigrants are taking advantage of the healthcare we provide for the nation, yet some of them are not even legal citizens. According to the Federation for American Immigration Reform (a non-profit group that opposes illegal immigration), the cost of treating illegal aliens’ amounted to nearly $11 billion in 2009. However, the HRI (Health Research Institute) reported that the government spent approximately $2.2 trillion on United States citizens in 2009. Illegal immigrants are net consumers of public services and they contribute to economic growth (McCarthy, 1995). Since 1990, immigrants have contributed to job growth in three main ways: They fill an increasing share of jobs overall, they take jobs in labor-scarce regions, and they fill the types of jobs native workers often shun. The foreign-born make up only 11.3 percent of the U.S. population and 14 percent of the labor force... ... Administration nevertheless improperly approved almost every claim of â€Å"noncitizen† workers who had been issued a Social Security number after the effective date, but who lacked the required work authorization. It is already unjust that these poor people are working for and contributing to the government, yet they are not receiving social security like everyone else. Based on this information, it should be legalized that illegal immigrants should have the right to health care. These hard working migrants contribute so much to the economy and are not repaid properly because they are not American citizens. In addition, they are the ones who do the â€Å"minor† and low paying careers that no one would ever think of doing. Our nation is one that is built on the foundation of equality and freedom for all and because of that we should all be entitled to the same priorities.

Messages from Hip-Hop Artists Essay -- Music Essays

Messages from Hip-Hop Artists Hip-Hop has come a long way in our generation. From time to time an artist or a video gives a positive or negative message to our viewers. There have been many controversial issues that focus’s on what the rapper is trying to put out. Some people may look at the same song or video, but have a different opinion on it. Artists have different outlooks on things in there life such as the rapper Nas. He has a new song titled â€Å"I Know I can†. This song gives a positive message to all viewers, and more importantly the kids. His message is that he encourages kids to grow up and be anything they set their minds on. For example, the chorus â€Å"I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it, I’ll be where I wanna be† (ohhla). Artists like him that makes people want to think positive and feel good about what they want to do. On the other hand, there are artists that give negative messages such as the rapper 50 cent. He is a new artist that hit the billboards. His outlook on life is different from others. In his lyrics, he raps about guns, ki... Messages from Hip-Hop Artists Essay -- Music Essays Messages from Hip-Hop Artists Hip-Hop has come a long way in our generation. From time to time an artist or a video gives a positive or negative message to our viewers. There have been many controversial issues that focus’s on what the rapper is trying to put out. Some people may look at the same song or video, but have a different opinion on it. Artists have different outlooks on things in there life such as the rapper Nas. He has a new song titled â€Å"I Know I can†. This song gives a positive message to all viewers, and more importantly the kids. His message is that he encourages kids to grow up and be anything they set their minds on. For example, the chorus â€Å"I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it, I’ll be where I wanna be† (ohhla). Artists like him that makes people want to think positive and feel good about what they want to do. On the other hand, there are artists that give negative messages such as the rapper 50 cent. He is a new artist that hit the billboards. His outlook on life is different from others. In his lyrics, he raps about guns, ki...

Differences Between Four Hispanic Groups

Despite important differences in historical experiences, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Mexican Americans share a similar socioeconomic status. Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan were among the first to recognize the parallel: â€Å"To a degree that cannot fail to startle anyone who encounters the reality for the first time, the overwhelming portion of both groups constitutes a submerged, exploited, and very possibly permanent proletariat. â€Å"(Marifeli, 1993) The marked debility of their position relative to the citywide standard is clearly reflected in several indicators.Patterns of labor force participation, unemployment rates, and median family incomes indicate that the gaps between native minorities and whites have persisted for decades. Nevertheless, there are discernible differences between the two minority groups. Comparative Community Infrastructures: Migration and Settlement Three features affecting a migrant group's eventual prospects for social mobility in its new locati on are (1) time of arrival, (2) the economic conditions surrounding its initial entry, and (3) the pace of its incorporation. As noted earlier, U.S. society is often viewed as embodying a â€Å"queuing system† in which each of successive groups of migrants establishes a foothold and struggles for social and economic mobility until it attains its particular form of accommodation. Scholars have debated the role played by such factors as the cultural characteristics of the group, discrimination, political activity, and a host of other influences. But it has been generally presumed that in time the descendants of first-generation migrants will find their niche within the larger society. (Chavez, 1991)Before the massive Puerto Rican migration that took place following the termination of World War II, a significant immigrants’ community existed, nourished by several decades of migrant labor. From a purely chronological standpoint, one reason may be that the pre-World War II Puerto Rican community–with its active but still embryonic array of community institutions–had in effect been swamped by the mass migration of the late 1940s and 1950s. (Edwards, 2001) Other features of the Puerto Rican experience may also have contributed to the relatively slow development of political organizations.One important influence was the New York branch of the Commonwealth Office of the Puerto Rican government. Established in 1948 to assist arriving migrants, it was a subsidiary of the island-based government and recognized by U. S. agencies as an official entity aiding Puerto Ricans in the settlement process. The office assumed responsibility for such functions as monitoring a program of contract farm workers; referring arrivals to employment opportunities, housing assistance, and social services; and familiarizing Puerto Ricans with the legal and cultural realities of life on the mainland.The effects of racial discrimination on labor force segmentation-and vice versa–are exemplified in the experiences of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans. Denied access to educational skills and union power, and often victimized by discrimination in hiring, Hispanics were effectively excluded from primary jobs during the period of transition leading to segmentation in the early twentieth century. (Edwards, 2001) Their confinement to secondary jobs had as much to do with racial oppression as with the class processes that determine how white workers are allocated across segments.Racial dynamics may have other consequences. The political struggle of racially oppressed groups can provide the impetus for the creation of new jobs and may even help to transform industries, affecting the segmentation process from the demand side of the economy. The history of Mexican Americans, the second largest racial/ethnic minority, reveals another kind of interface between segmentation and racial processes. In effect, the communities of Mexican origin that popul ated the U. S. Southwest from the mid-1800s through the first few decades of the 1900s constituted an â€Å"internal colony.† (Barrera, Mario; 1999) Over time, with the penetration of U. S. capital into the region, Mexican labor was funneled into a specific range of low paying jobs. Whether as agricultural day laborers, mine workers, or ranch hirelings, their plight was unvarying: distanced from the rapid industrialization occurring in the North and lacking many of the civil liberties accorded to most U. S. citizens, these workers were subject to dual wage systems, debt peonage, and extreme labor repression. (Carey McWilliams , 1998)After World War II, Chicanos were integrated into the broader U.S. class structure through the labor segmentation process, but they still retain important elements of the colonial relationship. Overwhelmingly relegated to secondary labor, they have remained residentially segregated and politically powerless in many areas. (Tienda, 2002) Unionizati on helped Mexican Americans in employment sectors where they had no trouble getting jobs. But they also hungered for the work reserved for whites—because it was better paying and not as backbreaking and it conferred more status.Mexicans could not get jobs as store clerks, for example, except in places that catered to Mexicans. Many a young Mexican would look at the crisp white uniform of a Texaco service-station attendant or the technological skills needed to drive an urban bus with a degree of longing. Obtaining such a job was a mark of mobility. Again, this longing became an integral feature within the Chicano Movement. Many of the movimiento objectives, irrespective of the separatist rhetoric and emphasis on cultural pride, stemmed from a hunger for job status.Mexicans also looked to government employment as way of â€Å"getting ahead. † To get â€Å"un trabajo del citi† (a municipal job), even in street maintenance, offered security and fringe benefits. Conv incing the city council to put Mexican American employees on permanent status rather than being â€Å"temporary† became one of the first issues of Houston's Latin American Club (LAC). In reality, the Mexicans worked full-time for the city; they just did not get the fringe benefits. (Garcà ­a, 1990) World War II for many Mexican Americans became a major source of upward mobility.Just in the military service alone, some rose high in the ranks as enlisted men, fewer as officers, and were given supervisory duties over other men, including whites. Employment in the more highly technological manufacturing sector, spurred mainly by the defense industry, became the bailiwick of white workers, but Mexican Americans wanted access as well. Mexican American politicians and civil right activists tried to make the agency accountable, but for the most part the policy of keeping out Mexicans from other than menial jobs continued during the war.Most Mexican women stayed behind although many moved to other industrial areas in the boom years of the war and worked in places where Mexicans had never been allowed. In cities in the Midwest and Southwest that had wartime industries, hundreds of daughters of immigrants, who had first settled in the colonias earlier in the century, obtained industrial jobs that were normally done by men. The organizing of Mexican workers in the first four decades of the twentieth century cut across many labor sectors, but it concentrated mainly in mining and agriculture.The breadth of its activity was extensive, but victories were few, primarily because employers had the support of officialdom—local police, judges, city councils, and such. ( Gutià ©rrez, 1995) A report done for the Works Progress Administration indicated, While some gains have been made by the Mexicans as the result of organization, both through their own racial unions and as members of others of mixed racial makeup, these have been won at the cost of considerable viole nce and economic loss due to time spent in carrying on their struggles, during which income stopped.In addition, agricultural and service sectors were not accorded the protection of the National Labor Relations Act. That crucial legislation provided industrial sectors struggle-free unionization by removing many of the obstacles that had stood in their way. Certainly when Mexicans participated in work sectors that unionized, the tide of worker prosperity carried them into the suburbs and material well-being. In Arizona for example, at the time of the Chicano Movement a great sociological divide based on material attainment existed between Mexicans in mining communities and their paisanos in agricultural towns.But the unfinished work of acquiring â€Å"affirmative action† served as a vertebra for the movimiento. Confronting the systematic exclusion of Chicanos from educational institutions and desirable jobs that continued even after the Mexican American generation gave it â₠¬Å"its best shot† became the primary target of the Chicano Movement. (Skerry, 1993) To be sure, other issues were in the forefront, including cultural pride, police brutality, the Vietnam War. But all of these really revolved around the core concern: gaining access to the proverbial piece of the pie. ConclusionFor decades, although scholars have disputed the sources and ends of â€Å"assimilation,† it has generally been seen as a positive force, helping to homogenize numerous ethnicities into a stable, self-reproducing American identity. Characteristics of successful membership in U. S. society include penetration into the economic mainstream, emergence of a significant middle class, and monolingualism in the second generation, allegiance to European cultural traditions, suburbanization, and participation in established political structures. In recent decades, however, that model has been severely tested.First, native minorities fall outside several of the specified par ameters. Earlier in the century, because of their relatively small numbers and because racial hegemony kept them impoverished and invisible, these groups posed no fundamental threat to the assimilationist model. But as the postwar years brought about their population growth, migration to urban centers, and political insurgency, the racial and cultural backgrounds of groups such as Mexican Americans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans challenged the country to broaden its definition of â€Å"American. † Immigrant minorities are providing the second major test of the assimilation model.

Intercultural Aspect Of Culture Essay

Before evolving an intercultural model of conflict resolution it is important to understand and identify aspects of culture that lead to creation of the framework of conflict. The cultural spectrum holds different shades for a person, a society and a nation, accordingly helping each of them to assimilate and adapt to a common identity that is defined and shaped by culture (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). In the process of evolving this collective identity, culture transcends its traditional role of providing an aggregate set of beliefs, customs, norms, values, ethics, traditions, moral, social and legal codes, perceptions, and philosophy, to become the overall physical framework for the society to function. Culture is strongly related with geographical setting of a place, religion, ethnicity, and race, explaining why different countries have different cultures, and also why places on seashore share common elements of culture that is quite different from culture of mountainous places. The imprinting of culture on ways a person thinks, acts, perceives the environment and models his/her reaction is very strong and virtually indelible, determining every aspect of human behavior and giving rise to cultural identity in addition to individual and national identity. Although the classic rational choice framework says that people are independent in choice of their behavior and approach towards events, its seen that at subtle levels the structural model provided by culture acts as final determinant in predicting a person, a society and a nation. Although culture is dynamic, evolving and continuously upgrading itself, in essence, these changes occur within the context of culture’s own timeframe. One of the most important contribution of culture to human civilization is the orientation provided towards other cultures, making the culture in question receptive, tolerant, indifferent or outright hostile towards different cultures. Societies are seldom mono-cultural, displaying a range of cultural traits, achieved through generations of trades, contact, and cross cultural mixing (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). However, although for people belonging to a particular culture, their culture would hardly seem complex, the cultural realities are hidden beneath the surface, difficult to observe and discern from outside. These improper understanding and imperfect perceptions of culture often give rise to conflict when different cultures are required to meet or come across. In the workshops I have attended I have come across people from various cultural background and my first attempt is always to know as much possible as about them; not their individual preferences, but their cultural orientation and philosophy. My this approach has helped me immensely in not only developing an understanding of other cultures, but my own adaptability and flexibility in my relation towards them Conflict and Culture Conflict is an integral part of human culture. When a number of people of interact with their own individual perspectives, view points, ideologies, cultural and social backgrounds and intellectual development then differences and debates are bound to arise as a logical and inevitable consequence of the interaction (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). These differences, acted upon by incompatible interests of attaining personal goals, change into conflict within groups, societies and nations. (Rahim, 2001,1) The greater the diversity and richer the profile of a society, the greater is the scope and range of its embedded conflict. Therefore it is essential to educate people on understanding and handling conflict and treat as an integral component of a democratic society that is important for developing a healthy social life (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). In every conflict, whether it is individual or at social scale, culture has always an important role to play. Depending upon the actors involved and the context of conflict, the role of culture in conflict can be direct or subtle, but it is always present as the ultimate factor in deciding the scope of conflict, its direction or its outcome. Culture even decides the existence of conflict, for people who are embedded in the culture of seeing world as a harmonious entity, may not be aware of any conflict through their life. In all the major disputes, debates and disagreement taking place around world, differences in cultural identities and perceptions are fundamental causative factors. A further evidence of the role that culture plays is evinced by peace and harmony existing among societies that have same culture, such as observed between USA and Britain, sharing same historical and cultural roots. Every conflict, whether it is trans-generational, geographical, religious, organizational, or personal, has a cultural component involved. People enshrined in their own culture often react with hostility against any cultural identity that appears contrary to their thought process and ideas. It follows therefore that any effort of conflict resolution needs to incorporate cultural understanding and acknowledge the existence and necessity of diversity (ibid). Personally I have encountered cultural difference in perspective of style of communication. Some of my colleagues, belonging to different cultural background, initially took exception to the direct and frank method of communication that is followed in US, as this, according to them constitutes a mild level of effrontery. However, as they assimilated themselves with the general surrounding, they realized that the direct nature of communication is a norm, not an aberration. Communication and Conflict Communication is important, as it is the medium of conveying message, forming the first interface in method of conflict resolution. Communication is almost always within the context of culture, and culture determines the significance of words as well as gestures and non-verbal expressions, affording people with choices of high context or low context communication, depending upon their cultural maturity and ability to handle multi-culturalism and accommodate a range of opinions and ideas other than those familiar to them (Grosse, 2002). During the initial phase of cultural familiarity, communication takes place at low context, meaning that people rely more on direct verbal communication, which is more or less literal in nature. As the cultural relationship progresses, communication interaction moves ahead on continuum to become high context, and it becomes more interpersonal and contextual, minimizing chances of misunderstanding and confusion. Effective cross cultural communication is centered upon knowledge, empathy and intercultural sensitivity (ibid). The correct approach in such cases is be flexible, adaptable and receptive to all views, no matter how contrary or incongruous they appear.. A positive and patient listening attitude is also valuable as it allows people to fathom emotions of others and makes them perceptible to alternate view points. Finally, the most important attribute in cross cultural communication is recognition that every culture is correct in its own context and each has to yield some ground to reach a harmonious consensus (ibid). In my attempts to understand and know about other cultures, I have always relied on effective communication skills, that include both hearing and communicating. Personally I have felt that people from different cultures readily share their cultural background, their beliefs, customs and traditions as I myself do in a multi-cultural environment, as we all want to be well understood and appreciated. Active listening and frank communication skills have greatly helped me in establishing quick rapport in any multi-cultured environment. Discussion on mediation and skills in conflict resolution Effective communication strategies are keys to resolve conflict by providing channels that provide expression of grievances and bring conflicting parties together. In the field of conflict management, communication strategies help through the channels of 1. Negotiation: Negotiation has emerged as an important form of conflict management within organizational and social setups. As such research in communication theory in conflict management has started to pay close attention to communication behaviors, types and strategies towards successful negotiation. Negotiation, as a part of managing conflict, requires interested parties to trade proposals for settlement that include, out of court settlements, business contracts, collective bargaining contract etc (Womack, 1990, 32). As Womack further elaborates, generally the process of negotiation proceeds through motives that are both competitive and cooperative. The approach of communication in the entire process of negotiation is concerned with the messages that are transferred among negotiators and the concerned parties. Communication intervenes in the process of negotiation through its both verbal and nonverbal forms and constitutes the entire base on which the goals and terms of the bargain are negotiated. Communication plays the central role in not only developing the relationship among the parties in conflict, but also in determining its direction. It is also central in every form of bargaining process, whether the bargaining is done for organizational form of conflict management, involves conflict resolution, negotiation on legal agreements or for negotiation in inter-group an intra group conflict. The entire role of communication in negotiation processes and strategies is quite vast and it ranges from defining the conflict issues, selection and implementation of strategies to presenting and defending the viable alternatives and finally helping in reaching on a solution (Womack, 1990, 35). 2. Third party intervention: Third party intervention in conflict situation is a tricky and challenging situation. It is considered as one of those areas that offers real test to the communication skills of the intervening person. Although mediation requires a neutral and third party to bring the disputants on the resolving chairs and solve the conflict, the mediator per se, has no authority and commanding power to force the parties into acquiescing to an agreement. At the best, the mediator can use persuasive and convincing dialogues through which the involved parties voluntarily agree to reach at accord through advises, admonishments, ideas, and views of the mediator and break into meaningful dialogue with each other (Burrel, 1990, 54). Its easy to see that this entire procedure requires very high level of communication skills on the part of the mediator to successfully negotiate agreement among the conflicting parties. I have had the opportunity to mediate in certain cases of cultural misunderstanding in the workshop. I tried to resolve the dispute by completely understanding the issue of contention, and the respective approaches that each party had taken on the issue. Thereafter I clarified the entire situation to them, explaining in the process that their respective approaches where natural consequences of their cultural training and application of that training on the issue in hand. In the process I encouraged them to understand and appreciate each other’s cultural understanding and orientation, they were successful in settling the conflict. Designing a process of Intercultural aspects of conflict resolution In the course to evolve a systematic cultural response to conflict, the first step is to breed familiarity among cultures that adds plurality and multicultural dimension to broaden existing views. In the process of evolving cultural familiarity communication, approaches towards conflict, cultural interpretation of life and identities and roles are identified as essential parameters (Carbaugh, 1990). Out of these, role and range of communication has already been discussed. Now it is time to look at rest of three factors. Responses towards a conflict situation are largely culture dependent, guided by the ways each culture has systemized itself towards conflict. Direct and straightforward ways of approaching conflict, generally acceptable in western society, may seem threatening and offensive in eastern cultures accustomed to third party negotiations. Similarly, cultures that follow calm and reasonable response to conflict, may feel intimidated by emotional and passionate response to conflict situation (Carbaugh, 1990). Cultural interpretation of life sets the starting point for people that forms basis of their thinking, values and philosophy, eventually deciding the role they would play in every conflict and their outcome they come across. It is the cultural orientation that makes societies disciplined or diffused, generalized or specific, value oriented or bohemian, and cooperative or isolated (Carbaugh, 1990). Hence cultural conflict resolution ultimately depends on the depth of understanding attained through interaction. Intercultural differences are very real forces in an environment where multiple cultures are interacting and coordinating on day to day basis. From my learning and observation the nature intercultural differences and their consequences on organizational and group efficiency, these differences can be resolved by taking a more comprehensive, collective and adaptive view of situation, that includes our own cultural vulnerabilities when placed in an unfamiliar social structure. As the workshop trainings and experience has demonstrated, it is very important to know the cultural background of people with whom we interact, fully understand the points where our mutual cultural understanding differ and recognize where they converge. Finally we should also develop a mutual sense of regard and appreciation for our combined cultural diversity. One of the revealing experiences that I have undergone relates to issue of timeliness. While in western culture, schedules are strictly followed and meetings start exactly on designated time, it is normal in many cultures to digress in time by a limited margin. Thus, in a multi-cultured environment, cultural ignorance can lead to conflict on such simple issue of scheduled arrival, while cultural knowledge and understanding would help in ‘looking’ at from other person’s cultural lens. Given the range and depth of cultural impact on overall personal behavior and communication style of people, there are numerous situations where cultural ignorance can directly put people against each other. Hence we should always strive to learn as much about other cultures as possible and continue to update our knowledge. References Burrel, N. A, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim – editor. Praeger Publishers. :New York Rahim, M. A (2001), Managing Conflict in Organizations. Contributors: M. Afzalur: Quorum Books. Westport, CT Handbook of Conflict Management. (2003) . Jerri Killian ,William J. Pammer Jr. (edits): Marcel Dekker. New York. Womack, D. F, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim – editor. Praeger Publishers. :New York. Leborn, M. 2003. Culture and Conflict. Accessed online on 17. 11. 2007. http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/culture_conflict/ Grosse, C. U. 2002. Managing Communication within Virtual Intercultural Teams Business Communication Quarterly, Vol. 65, 2002. Holliday, A. , Hyde, M. ,, Kullman, J. 2004. Intercultural Communication: An Advanced Resource Book; Routledge, Carbaugh, D. 1990 Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Personal and Criminological Theory

The human brain is very unique and it functions in many ways, giving individuals the power to think, speak, plan, and imagine. However, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. The needs and motivations of individuals who engage in crime differ based on biological origins, psychological, or socially induced. History has shown that by applying theory it allows researchers to discern why individuals react the way they do to certain conditions. In this paper, I will explain what I believe are the occurrences of crimes and why people commit them. I will also illuminate the variables associated with crime, identify reasons concerning the circumstances and explain techniques used when evaluating the criminal behavior. When situations change it becomes an issue for individuals to adjust. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. Society usually divides people into upper class, the middle-class, the working class, and the underclass. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. The upper class consists of well to do families that maintain an enormous amount of financial and social resources, but the poor consist of people living in poverty. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Crime occurs and it includes acts such as murder, rape assault, and theft. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The disproportion of goods for all members of society negates the defined goals and the norms that regulate the means to achieve the American dream. Goals are the valued purposes and interest that America holds as legitimate objectives for all members within its society. When disruption occurs and the social norms and conditions in which those norms no longer control the activity of society members the anomie and strain theory becomes a factor in why individuals commit crime (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 77). The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). For example, discrimination by social class or racial discrimination in education and employment makes access to institutionalized means of achieving success difficult. I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. The blocked opportunities to maintain social status creates new opportunities for crime. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. If the measurement of success is through material gain, it is only natural for people to pursue the American Dream by trying to accumulate property and economic prosperity. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. Criminal behavior is a response from those whom society has failed to provide legitimate access to achieving that American Dream (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 82). A variety of methods are available to the criminal justice researcher. Each method has strengths and weaknesses. However, in the hypothetical study concerning the unequal access to opportunities to pursue the American Dream, surveying individuals is an appropriate method for collecting data. With quantitative and qualitative studies in the form of questionnaires and interviews as well as field research and historical research this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to society and reasons behind criminal behavior (Kraska & Neuman, 2008, p. 2). In conclusion, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. With quantitative and qualitative studies this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to the Americans and reasons behind criminal behavior.

Linternship Report on Pearl Global LTD Essay

DECLARATION We, Juhi Yadav And Neha Sinha hereby declare that the Summer Internship Project entitled â€Å"Time study of various mocks prepared by the tailor and To study the defects that comes on the final checking table (for style #5499) in production. Submitted towards, partial fulfillment of the program ‘Master of Fashion Technology’ is Our original work and no part of the project has been copied from any other reports or any other work carried by someone else which has been submitted for any other degree/award. However, any material taken from any other published source has been suitably referred and acknowledged at various places. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project entitled â€Å"Time study of various mocks prepared by the tailor and To study the defects that comes on the final checking table (for style #5499) in production. Submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the program ‘Master of Fashion Technology’ by Juhi Yadav And Neha Sinha in their work under my guidance and the results are based on the research done by them. PREFACE The industry training is aimed towards blending the classroom principles with industry application for the students. This training helps industry to analyze day to day activities with the help of internees who will learn practical application of different principles and will be able to draw inferences. This report attempts to present my experience as a trainee in PEARL GLOBAL LTD. Premier Export Houses. We worked with the Production Department, & Merchandising Departments but it involved interaction with the other departments as well. The aim of this training program was to gain practical knowledge in the area. It gave me an opportunity to be a part of the esteemed organizations and get the first hand knowledge of various departments under a Merchandiser and the entire export house. It gave me a feel of work culture and the actual environment of working of export oriented unit. I have tried to summarize my work experience in this report in the best possible manner I could. It gives the facts about the organizations and offers a look into the working of their various departments. In the end of this report I’m giving my project work which I done there. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I did my summer internships for 12 weeks at Pearl Global Ltd. At the very outset, I find my self fully engulfed in immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound gratitude to Mr. Anand Bhatia (G.M PRODUCTION) for providing US an opportunity to complete our internship in this prestigious organization. I would like to extend my particular thanks to my Mentor Mr Praveen Bhaker ( Asst. Merchant) Mr Siddhart Puri (I.E Head), Mr Sanjay (Senior Merchandiser) and Naman Bedi (Merchant) for their strong and continuous support all the way through my project. I also owe my thanks to Mr. Abhishek Garg (Fabric Manager) and his team members , Mr Sanjay Mishra (QA Department) for giving us the valuable insights during m internship, Mr Nizam (Cutting and Spreading Department) and their team members for coordination providing us important guidance and knowledge about their respective departments and helping us to solve our queries. I thank all other staff and crew of Pearl Global Limited who facilitated us with their ample cooperation and valuable guidance during our internship. At my institute I would like to express my sincere thanks to my Mentor Dr. Prabir Jana and Mr N.A.Khan and all the staff members of ‘Department of Fashion Technology’ for allocating us this organization and helping us out in the best possible ways during the period of internship. Last but definitely not the least; I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to my family, friends and relatives for passively helping us throughout the project.

Managerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Managerial Finance - Essay Example This has led to a fall in the prices of products sold by Titanic Plc. Consequently, due to a fall in volumetric sales and price of beer; Titanic Plc’s sales have plunged by 30%. The above table shows that the margins of the company have also eroded due to fall in selling prices but no subsequent reduction in the costs. The gross margin fell from 46.4% in 2010 to 39.4% in 2012, which can be attributed to the fall in selling prices due to increase in competition in the industry. The operating profit margin and net margin fell drastically as the company could not control its distribution and administration expenses in the period of falling sales revenue. The directors of the company feel that the company is experiencing financial distress. A company is in a financial distress when it faces liquidity issues and has difficulties in paying off its obligations when they are due. Financial distress increases when a company’s revenues move with the economy. Such cyclical companies are prone to fall in profitability due to an economic downturn. The above table shows the liquidity ratios of the company. Company’s liquidity has improved from 2010 to 2012 as shown by an increase in the current ratio as well as the quick ratio of the company. Although the cash of the company fell from  £10.6M from 2010 to  £9.8M in 2012, the decrease was offset by an increase in inventory and receivables of the company. However, the current liabilities of the company fell drastically by 46% from  £19.9M in 2010 to  £10.8M in 2012 owing to lower trade payables and dividend payable. The ratios indicate that the company’s liquidity position is adequate. The above table shows the asset efficiency ratios for Titanic Plc. Days in inventory has increased substantially from 89 days in 2010 to 122 days in 2012 indicating that the company’s inventory is piling up. This piling up of inventory is due to the fall in sales of the company. Titanic Plc has to take steps to

The Cartesian Coordinate System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Cartesian Coordinate System - Research Paper Example The Cartesian Coordinate System does not merely point reference to the graphical means of finding link between variables, rather, it gives Mathematics the desired image of identity in visible shapes and forms by which a learner can gain appreciation of the course as an interesting field of study. The Cartesian Coordinate System Prior to the concept of a two-dimensional system, the discovery of a coordinate system with one dimension had already enabled demonstration of the relative magnitudes of numbers in a graphical manner and had even shown how a distance between two points in the number line may be represented by the magnitude of their differences. The overall advantage, however, of a one-dimensional coordinate system is limited and is unable to extend its applicability to the relation or dependence of two sets of numbers quite significant in the mathematical studies of corresponding values wherein a set constituted by an ordered pair of numbers may be held in association to another or a couple other sets in a planar system of coordinates (Vance, p. 75). Importance of the Cartesian Coordinate System In 1637 Rene Descartes, a French mathematician and philosopher, used the Rectangular Cartesian System of Coordinates or a method of associating points with numbers, and by doing so. , associated a curve with its equation. Great progress in mathematics and the application of mathematics in science followed after this unification of algebra and geometry (Smoller). By definition of the Cartesian product of two sets, the case of interest is X ? Y where X and Y are both the set of real numbers R is symbolically denoted R x R ? { (x, y) | x ? R and y ? R }. Each member of the set is an ordered pair (x, y) and through the Cartesian coordinate system, it is possible to set up an association between this set of all ordered pairs (x, y) of R x R and the set of all points in the plane. Hence, the two-dimensional coordinate system becomes important in relating a point in a plane and a pair of real numbers which may be constructed using two perpendicular straight lines, vertical and horizontal, commonly known as the coordinate axes. With the point of intersection being the origin O, one may establish on each line a one-dimensional system which bears the same unit of length f or both axes where, normally, the horizontal line refers to the x-axis or axis of the values of ‘x’ or abscissa whereas the vertical line pertains to the y-axis along which lie the values of ‘y’ called the ordinates. Once the axes are drawn, one can begin to plot a data of points (x, y) and in determining a point corresponding to an ordered pair of values, it helps to draw lines parallel to the axes through the point (x1, 0) on the x-axis and the point (0, y1) on the y-axis (Vance, 76). These lines intersect at a point P, a distance x1 from the y-axis (to the right or left, depending upon whether x1 is positive or negative) and a distance y1 from the x-axis (above or below, depending upon whether y1 is positive or negative). These distances can be called directed distances and the point P, determined by the ordered pair of values x1 and y1, is denoted by the ordered pair, expressed as (x1, y1), where x1 and y1 are called coordinates of P. The two coordinate axes divide the plane into four parts, called the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants. It is useful to verify that the coordinates of points located in the different quadrants have the signs shown in the table. Quadrants Abscissa Ordinate I + + II _ + III _ _ IV + _ Since every other point may be plotted on the xy-plane, the line or curve connecting the

Three Diversity Case Studies on the Automobile Industry (Ford, Honda, Research Paper

Three Diversity Case Studies on the Automobile Industry (Ford, Honda, Toyota websites) - Research Paper Example It is also stated that Ford embraces diversity of thought, experience, perspective, race, gender and faith in their own company culture by learning of their emotional and intellectual roots to enable effective communication. And this inclusion principle has helped them organize a diverse staff to work towards the satisfaction of the needs of very diverse customers. It can also be observed that their website is available as well in Spanish language to cater to their numerous Spanish speaking website visitors that also comprise a significant percentage of their target market. Ford company’s awareness of the big diversity of their product enthusiasts has driven them to provide a social platform in their website where articles, stories and ideas of various persons are featured. It must be a good experience to be able to work at Ford, as they have depicted good corporate values in their websites. Their corporate system maximizes the diversity of their community to create informatio n that enables the company to deliver better products and communicate well to satisfy customers’ needs and preferences.... II. Honda, http://www.honda.com/ â€Å"Honda The Power of Dreams.† Honda website is characterized with simplicity of text presentation with minimal images on a white background. Its featured products are shown in text logos that can link the website visitor to another page that provides more car images and useful information to a potential customer, supplier or employee. Automobile shopping tools, ownership resources and car model research tools are also provided. The website also banners Honda’s environmental commitment by featuring their Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and more related news and stories about it. They also include future car models and concepts. This depicts Honda’s good organization skills and focus on car innovation and environmental leadership. Diversity is addressed generally through the â€Å"About† section in the welcome page. And the website is also available in Spanish language. The corporate structure is said to be built on â€Å"respect for the individual† principle that deals with trust, initiative and equality. Honda tangibly adopted diversity through diverse workforce, dealer body, team of suppliers and building of strong community through promotion of national events that benefit the company’s associates. Honda also recognize diversity in non-tangible ways by embracing viewpoints and concerns regarding their product design and marketing, the daily staff interactions, and sensitivity and responsibility to the diverse needs of the automobile communities. They adhere to the understanding that society, and the needs of their customers and associates and even the public, change. This must be their company’s motivation to produce more innovations. Honda further shows their commitment to